Schimbările climatice și BCE
La BCE, explorăm modalități de combatere eficace a schimbărilor climatice. Ne străduim să identificăm riscurile pe care schimbările climatice le pot prezenta pentru economie și pentru sistemul financiar. Schimbările climatice pot afecta economia prin intermediul unor fenomene meteo extreme sau al incertitudinilor legate de tranziția la o economie cu emisii scăzute de dioxid de carbon.
„Prin evaluarea strategiei noastre, vom stabili în ce domenii și în ce mod problema schimbărilor climatice și combaterea acestora pot influența, de fapt, politicile noastre.”
Christine Lagarde, președinta BCE
BCE ia măsuri în patru domenii principale de competență
Analiza economică
Experții BCE se asigură că schimbările climatice sunt luate în considerare în modelele macroeconomice, metodele de prognozare și evaluările riscurilor ale BCE.
Supravegherea bancară
Supraveghetorii dialoghează cu băncile pentru a le sensibiliza cu privire la riscurile generate de schimbările climatice. Scopul este acela de a asigura că băncile au capacitatea de a gestiona aceste riscuri în mod corespunzător.
Politica monetară și portofoliile de investiții
În cadrul programelor de achiziționare de active ale BCE, am investit în obligațiuni ecologice (green bonds), ținând cont de necesitatea de a evita apariția unor distorsiuni pe piață.
Stabilitatea financiară
Experții în stabilitate financiară măsoară și evaluează riscurile reprezentate de schimbările climatice pentru sistemul financiar. Constatările acestora sunt comunicate publicului, participanților pe piață și factorilor de decizie.
Răspunsul Eurosistemului cu privire la Strategia reînnoită a Comisiei Europene privind finanțarea durabilă
BCE și băncile centrale naționale ale țărilor care au adoptat moneda euro sunt pregătite să sprijine activitatea Comisiei Europene destinată elaborării unei strategii privind finanțarea durabilă și îmbunătățirii publicării de informații nefinanciare. Ca răspuns la consultările publice lansate de Comisie, am identificat cinci priorități principale.
Alte inițiative
O BCE ecologică
Ne străduim în mod continuu să reducem amprenta ecologică a BCE. Dacă te interesează să afli ce am realizat până acum, consultă pagina Protecția mediului de pe website-ul nostru.
Ora Pământului
BCE participă la acest eveniment din 2012. Prin stingerea luminilor în clădirea noastră principală, încercăm să sensibilizăm publicul cu privire la schimbările climatice.
Rețeaua pentru ecologizarea sistemului financiar (Network for Greening the Financial System – NGFS)
BCE este membră a NGFS: un grup de bănci centrale și autorități de supraveghere financiară de pe cinci continente, care caută modalități de sprijinire a unei tranziții ordonate către o economie cu emisii scăzute de dioxid de carbon.
Podcast
Podcastul BCE: schimbările climatice și rolul băncilor centrale
În ce mod afectează schimbările climatice stabilitatea financiară? De ce nu achiziționează BCE mai multe obligațiuni ecologice? Cum se pot pregăti mai bine băncile pentru riscurile asociate schimbărilor climatice? Gazda noastră, Michael Steen, discută despre aceste aspecte cu invitații săi, experții Fatima Pires, Madelaine Roos și Patrick Amis.
Discursuri și interviuri
- 17 Jun 2020
- Andrea Enria: ECB Banking Supervision’s approach to climate risksKeynote speech by Andrea Enria, Chair of the Supervisory Board of the ECB, at the European Central Bank Climate and Environmental Risks Webinar
- 27 Feb 2020
- Christine Lagarde: Climate change and the financial sectorSpeech by Christine Lagarde, President of the ECB, at the launch of the COP 26 Private Finance Agenda, London
- 21 Nov 2019
- Luis de Guindos: Implications of the transition to a low-carbon economy for the euro area financial systemSpeech by Luis de Guindos, Vice-President of the ECB, at the European Savings and Retail Banking Group Conference, “Creating sustainable financial structures by putting citizens first”
- 21 Nov 2019
- Andrea Enria: Regulation, proportionality and the sustainability of bankingSpeech by Andrea Enria, Chair of the Supervisory Board of the ECB, at the Retail Banking Conference "Creating sustainable financial structures by putting citizens first" of European Savings Bank Group, in Brussels
- 17 Oct 2019
- Luis de Guindos: Climate-related risksSpeaking notes by Luis de Guindos, Vice-President of the ECB, at roundtable event on climate-related risks at Bloomberg
- 9 Sept 2019
- Pentti Hakkarainen: The greening of the financial sectorSpeech by Pentti Hakkarainen, Member of the Supervisory Board of the ECB, at the Hannes Snellman Financial Law Seminar, Helsinki, 9 September 2019
- 15 May 2019
- Frank Elderson: We need to ensure resilience to climate-change riskInterview with Frank Elderson, Member of the Supervisory Board of the ECB, Supervision Newsletter, 15 May 2019
- 17 Apr 2019
- Sabine Lautenschläger: Central Bankers, Supervisors and Climate-Related RisksPanel remarks by Sabine Lautenschläger, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at the Network for Greening the Financial System Conference, in Paris, France, 17 April 2019
- 27 Nov 2018
- Yves Mersch: Climate change and central bankingSpeech by Yves Mersch, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, Workshop discussion: Sustainability is becoming mainstream, Frankfurt, 27 November 2018
- 8 Nov 2018
- Benoît Cœuré: Monetary policy and climate changeSpeech by Benoît Cœuré, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at a conference on “Scaling up Green Finance: The Role of Central Banks”, organised by the Network for Greening the Financial System, the Deutsche Bundesbank and the Council on Economic Policies, Berlin, 8 November 2018
Studii
- No. 2
26 Mar 2020 - Economic bulletin
The implications of fiscal measures to address climate change - No. 64
27 Nov 2019 - Research bulletin
Finance and decarbonisation: why equity markets do it betterAbstract
JEL Classification
G10 : Financial Economics→General Financial Markets→General
O4 : Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth→Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
Q5 : Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics, Environmental and Ecological Economics→Environmental Economics
Abstract
This article provides evidence that economies receiving more funding from stock markets than credit markets generate fewer carbon emissions. Increasing the equity financing share to one-half globally would reduce aggregate per capita emissions by about one-quarter of the Paris Agreement commitment. Our findings call for supporting equity-based initiatives rather than policies aimed at decarbonising the European economy through the banking sector.
- No. 2318
26 Sep 2019 - ECB Working Paper Series
Finance and carbon emissionsAbstract
JEL Classification
G10 : Financial Economics→General Financial Markets→General
O4 : Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth→Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
Q5 : Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics, Environmental and Ecological Economics→Environmental Economics
Abstract
We study the relation between the structure of financial systems and carbon emissions in a large panel of countries and industries over the period 1990-2013. We find that for given levels of economic and financial development and environmental regulation, CO2 emissions per capita are lower in economies that are relatively more equity-funded. Industry-level analysis reveals two distinct channels. First, stock markets reallocate investment towards less polluting sectors. Second, they also push carbon-intensive sectors to develop and implement greener technologies. In line with this second effect, we show that carbon-intensive sectors produce more green patents as stock markets deepen. We also document an increase in carbon emissions associated with the production of imported goods equal to around one-tenth of the reduction in domestic carbon emissions.
- 29 May 2019
- Financial Stability Review
Climate change and financial stability- Issue 7/2018
8 Nov 2018- Economic Bulletin
Purchases of green bonds under the Eurosystem’s asset purchase programmeAbstract
JEL Classification
D90 : Microeconomics→Intertemporal Choice→General
Q56 : Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics, Environmental and Ecological Economics→Environmental Economics→Environment and Development, Environment and Trade, Sustainability, Environmental Accounts and Accounting, Environmental Equity, Population Growth
G20 : Financial Economics→Financial Institutions and Services→General
Q54 : Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics, Environmental and Ecological Economics→Environmental Economics→Climate, Natural Disasters, Global Warming
Abstract
We derive the Green Golden Rule (GGR) in the Habit Formation (HF) and Anticipation of Future Consumption (AFC) frameworks. Since consumption is the key variable of GGR, time non-separabilities in preferences over consumption streams, given by the AFC and HF, may have important impacts on the environment and sustainability. We demonstrate that agents who smooth their consumption patterns, according to the HF hypothesis, are more likely to preserve the environment than those who anticipate future consumption or who do not so smooth consumption.
- No. 1982
21 Nov 2016- ECB Working Paper Series
The impact of disasters on inflationAbstract
JEL Classification
E31 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics→Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles→Price Level, Inflation, Deflation
Q54 : Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics, Environmental and Ecological Economics→Environmental Economics→Climate, Natural Disasters, Global Warming
G20
Abstract
This paper studies how disasters aff ect consumer price inflation, one of the main remaining gaps in our understanding of the impact of disasters. There is a marked heterogeneity in the impact between advanced economies, where the impact is negligible, and developing economies, where the impact can last for several years. There are also di fferences in the impact by type of disasters, particularly when considering inflation sub-indices. Storms in- crease food price inflation in the near term, although the eff ect dissipates within a year. Floods also typically have a short-run impact on inflation. Earthquakes reduce CPI inflation excluding food, housing and energy.
Alte documente
- 20 May-25 September 2020
- Public consultation
Public consultation on the draft ECB Guide on climate-related and environmental risks - June 2020
- ESRB Report
Positively green: Measuring climate change risks to financial stability - 8 June 2020
- Public consultation
Eurosystem reply to European Commission’s public consultations on the Renewed Sustainable Finance Strategy - May 2020
- ECB Guide
Guide on climate-related and environmental risks
- Issue 7/2018