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CES insights 

The Consumer Expectations Survey enhances our understanding of consumer behaviour and expectations formation and informs our policy and communication.

The analysis is often published in ECB publications. Below is a list of publications featuring the survey. This list is regularly updated.

January 2024

A primer on measuring household income

September 2023

The euro area labour force: recent developments and drivers

September 2023

What do consumers think is the main driver of recent inflation?

August 2023

Consumers’ interest rate expectations in a monetary policy tightening cycle

August 2023

Why has housing lost its lure? Evidence from the ECB’s Consumer Expectations Survey

May 2023

Consumption effects of job loss expectations: new evidence for the euro area

May 2023

The impact of the recent inflation surge across households

February 2023

How people want to work – preferences for remote work after the pandemic

February 2023

Recent changes in consumers’ medium-term inflation expectations – a detailed look

November 2022

The impact of the recent rise in inflation on low-income households

November 2022

A closer look at consumers’ inflation expectations – evidence from the ECB’s Consumer Expectations Survey

September 2022

What drives inflation expectations of women and men?

August 2022

Can the ECB gain credibility by explaining its strategy?

August 2022

Household saving during COVID-19 and implications for the recovery of consumption

April 2022

Economic inequality and public trust in the European Central Bank

April 2022

Energy prices and private consumption: what are the channels?

April 2022

Household spending and fiscal support during the pandemic – the role of public perceptions

March 2022

The labour market recovery in the euro area through the lens of the ECB Consumer Expectations Survey

February 2022

Household spending and fiscal support during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from a new consumer survey

February 2022

Housing costs: survey-based perceptions and signals from price statistics

December 2021

ECB Consumer Expectations Survey: an overview and first evaluation

November 2021

The recovery of housing demand through the lens of the Consumer Expectations Survey

September 2021

Clear, consistent and engaging: ECB monetary policy communication in a changing world

May 2021

How has the COVID-19 crisis affected different households’ consumption in the euro area?

May 2021

The effect of macroeconomic uncertainty on household spending

December 2020

The Covid-19 crisis and consumption: survey evidence from six EU countries

The Consumer Expectations Survey enhances our understanding of consumer behaviour and expectations formation and informs our policy and communication.The analysis is often published in ECB publications. Below is a list of publications featuring the survey. This list is regularly updated.