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Publications on Euro

15 February 2024
SPEECH
Speech by Christine Lagarde, President of the ECB, at the Hearing of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs of the European Parliament
Annexes
29 January 2024
PRESS RELEASE
30 December 2023
THE ECB BLOG
25 years ago, on 1 January 1999, the euro came into force as the single currency for 11 EU Member States. It now serves the economy and eases life for 350 million people in 20 countries.
Details
JEL Code
E00 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics→General→General
E02 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics→General→Institutions and the Macroeconomy
E42 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics→Money and Interest Rates→Monetary Systems, Standards, Regimes, Government and the Monetary System, Payment Systems
11 December 2023
PRESS RELEASE
30 November 2023
PRESS RELEASE
10 July 2023
PRESS RELEASE
28 June 2023
PRESS RELEASE
21 June 2023
PRESS RELEASE
Related
21 June 2023
THE INTERNATIONAL ROLE OF THE EURO
24 May 2023
SPEECH
Opening remarks by Christine Lagarde, President of the ECB, at the celebration to mark the 25th anniversary of the ECB
17 April 2023
SPEECH
Speech by Christine Lagarde, President of the ECB, at the Council on Foreign Relations’ C. Peter McColough Series on International Economics
6 February 2023
THE ECB BLOG
The ECB has asked people in the euro area how they pay and which payment methods they prefer. The ECB Blog discusses our survey findings and what they mean for the future of cash and digital means of payment.
Details
JEL Code
E42 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics→Money and Interest Rates→Monetary Systems, Standards, Regimes, Government and the Monetary System, Payment Systems
30 January 2023
PRESS RELEASE
12 January 2023
ECONOMIC BULLETIN - BOX
Economic Bulletin Issue 8, 2022
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Abstract
On 1 January 2023 Croatia adopted the euro and became the 20th member of the euro area. The Croatian economy is expected to benefit from the elimination of currency risk, as well as lower transaction and borrowing costs. After its accession to the EU in 2013, Croatia made significant progress in addressing macroeconomic imbalances and achieving convergence towards the euro area. It now needs to continue with those reform efforts in order to fully reap the benefits of the euro and to allow adjustment mechanisms to operate efficiently within the enlarged currency area.
JEL Code
E42 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics→Money and Interest Rates→Monetary Systems, Standards, Regimes, Government and the Monetary System, Payment Systems
F15 : International Economics→Trade→Economic Integration
F45 : International Economics→Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance
O47 : Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth→Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity→Measurement of Economic Growth, Aggregate Productivity, Cross-Country Output Convergence
1 January 2023
PRESS RELEASE
31 December 2022
INTERVIEW
Interview with Christine Lagarde, President of the European Central Bank, conducted by Marina Klepo on 19 December 2022
English
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20 December 2022
PRESS RELEASE
Related
20 December 2022
STUDY ON THE PAYMENT ATTITUDES OF CONSUMERS IN THE EURO AREA (SPACE)
12 July 2022
PRESS RELEASE
14 June 2022
PRESS RELEASE
1 June 2022
PRESS RELEASE
Related
1 June 2022
SPEECH
Introductory statement by Fabio Panetta, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at the meeting of the Euro Accession Countries Working Group of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs of the European Parliament
1 June 2022
CONVERGENCE REPORT
14 February 2022
SPEECH
Speech by Christine Lagarde, President of the ECB, at the plenary session of the European Parliament
11 February 2022
INTERVIEW
Interview with Christine Lagarde, President of the European Central Bank, conducted by Andreas Niesmann and Tim Szent-Ivany
English
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28 January 2022
PRESS RELEASE
6 December 2021
PRESS RELEASE
22 June 2021
SPEECH
Lecture by Philip R. Lane, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at the Athens University of Economic and Business
15 June 2021
SPEECH
Keynote speech by Fabio Panetta, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at the Deutsche Bundesbank’s 5th International Cash Conference – “Cash in times of turmoil”
English
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2 June 2021
PRESS RELEASE
9 April 2021
INTERVIEW
Interview with Isabel Schnabel, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, conducted by Tim Bartz and Stefan Kaiser on 1 April and published on 9 April 2021, in print on 10 April 2021
English
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25 March 2021
THE ECB BLOG
At the ECB we are committed to understanding people’s needs and ensuring the digital euro would be widely accepted, writes Executive Board member Fabio Panetta with Ulrich Bindseil in The ECB Blog.
English
OTHER LANGUAGES (3) +
10 February 2021
SPEECH
Speech by Fabio Panetta, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at a Bruegel online seminar
13 January 2021
PRESS RELEASE
16 December 2020
SPEECH
Speech by Isabel Schnabel, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, as part of the seminar series “Havarie Europa. Zur Pathogenese europäischer Gegenwarten” at the Hamburg Institute for Social Research (Hamburger Institut für Sozialforschung)
English
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Annexes
16 December 2020
SPEECH
English
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2 December 2020
PRESS RELEASE
28 November 2020
INTERVIEW
Interview with Yves Mersch, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, conducted by Marie Charrel and Eric Albert
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22 October 2020
SPEECH
Keynote speech by Fabio Panetta, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at the ECB Conference “A new horizon for pan-European payments and digital euro”
12 October 2020
SPEECH
Introductory statement by Fabio Panetta, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at the ECON Committee of the European Parliament
11 October 2020
INTERVIEW
Interview with Philip R. Lane, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, conducted by Tom Fairless on 8 October
2 October 2020
PRESS RELEASE
2 October 2020
THE ECB BLOG
We should be ready to issue a digital euro if and when it is necessary, writes Executive Board member Fabio Panetta. The euro is a currency that Europeans trust. We need to make sure that it is fit for the future.
19 August 2020
THE ECB BLOG
The ECB’s swap and repo lines are essential stabilising tools in the coronavirus crisis. In a joint Blog post, Executive Board members Fabio Panetta and Isabel Schnabel explain how these tools reduce funding risks, prevent financial contagion and support the euro’s use in global transactions.
13 July 2020
SPEECH
Introductory remarks by Fabio Panetta, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at a meeting of the Euro Accession Countries Working Group of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs of the European Parliament
7 July 2020
SPEECH
Introductory remarks by Fabio Panetta, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, Meeting with Members of the European Parliament
12 June 2020
THE ECB BLOG
The goals of boosting the euro’s global standing and sharing its advantages more evenly are one and the same, writes Executive Board member Fabio Panetta. Through the right mix of European fiscal and monetary policy, we can build a better functioning Monetary Union that achieves both of these goals.
9 June 2020
PRESS RELEASE
Related
9 June 2020
THE INTERNATIONAL ROLE OF THE EURO
11 May 2020
SPEECH
Speech by Yves Mersch, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB and Vice-Chair of the Supervisory Board of the ECB, at the Consensus 2020 virtual conference, 11 May 2020
28 April 2020
THE ECB BLOG
The ECB is working to protect the continuity and safety of payments during the coronavirus pandemic, writes Executive Board member Fabio Panetta in The ECB Blog. Europeans can trust in our commitment to support them throughout this crisis.
5 February 2020
SPEECH
Speech by Christine Lagarde, President of the ECB, at the "Grand Prix de l’Économie des Echos pour l’année 2019"
5 February 2020
SPEECH
Presentation by Philip R. Lane, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at "Berliner Gespräch zum Finanzplatz Frankfurt" organised by Hessische Landesvertretung in Berlin, 5 February 2020
27 November 2019
SPEECH
Welcome address by Christine Lagarde, President of the ECB, on signing the euro banknotes
24 October 2019
MONETARY POLICY STATEMENT
Mario Draghi, President of the ECB, Luis de Guindos, Vice-President of the ECB, Frankfurt am Main, 24 October 2019
16 May 2019
SPEECH
Speech by Luis de Guindos, Vice-President of the ECB, at the occasion of the joint conference of the European Commission and the European Central Bank on European financial integration and stability, Brussels, 16 May 2019
6 April 2019
SPEECH
Panel contribution by Yves Mersch, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at The Outlook for the Economy and Finance conference, Cernobbio, 6 April 2019
19 February 2019
SPEECH
Address by Luis de Guindos, Vice-President of the ECB, at the European Parliamentary Week, Brussels, 19 February 2019
15 February 2019
SPEECH
Speech by Benoît Cœuré, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at the Council on Foreign Relations, New York City, 15 February 2019
31 January 2019
SPEECH
Speech by Yves Mersch, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at the 2019 Annual General Meeting of the International Capital Markets Association’s European Repo and Collateral Council, Luxembourg, 31 January 2019
28 January 2019
SPEECH
Introductory Statement by Mario Draghi, President of the ECB, at the ECON committee of the European Parliament, Brussels, 28 January 2019
Annexes
15 January 2019
SPEECH
Speech by Mario Draghi, President of the European Central Bank, at the session of the plenary of the European Parliament to mark the anniversary of the euro in Strasbourg, 15 January 2019
11 January 2019
SPEECH
Speech by Yves Mersch, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at the International Conference to mark the tenth anniversary of the introduction of the euro in Slovakia, Bratislava, 11 January 2019
English
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Annexes
11 January 2019
SPEECH
7 January 2019
SPEECH
Keynote speech by Luis de Guindos, Vice-President of the ECB, at the conference “Five Years with the Euro”, Latvia, 7 January 2019
18 December 2018
SPEECH
Remarks by Luis de Guindos, Vice-President of the European Central Bank, at an event in honour of the 40th anniversary of the Spanish constitution organised by the Spanish Ministry of Economy in Madrid
15 December 2018
SPEECH
Speech by Mario Draghi, President of the ECB, at Laurea Honoris Causa in Economics by University of Sant'Anna, Pisa, 15 December 2018
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24 September 2018
ECONOMIC BULLETIN - ARTICLE
Economic Bulletin Issue 6, 2018
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Abstract
This article presents the developments in the circulation of euro banknotes and the underlying drivers of cash demand in the euro area and abroad. Cash in circulation is on the rise, both in the euro area and abroad. In addition, data from a survey on the use of cash in the euro area indicates that by volume and number of transactions cash remained the most used payment instrument in 2016. However, the growth in banknote circulation can only partially be explained by transaction demand. Most euro banknotes in circulation are used as a store of value and households and firms inside and outside of the euro area obviously value the option of storing part of their assets in central bank money. Considering the currently low opportunity costs of holding cash, the stored euro banknotes can be expected to return if interest rates were to increase. However, as shown by developments over the past ten years, the store of value function is determined not only by interest rates, but also by external events which cannot be predicted. The demand for banknotes has also been impacted by various additional factors such as the financial and sovereign debt crises, geopolitical uncertainties, exchange rate developments and policy decisions
JEL Code
D12 : Microeconomics→Household Behavior and Family Economics→Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
E41 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics→Money and Interest Rates→Demand for Money
E42 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics→Money and Interest Rates→Monetary Systems, Standards, Regimes, Government and the Monetary System, Payment Systems
Network
Eurosystem Research Network on Cash (EURECA)
14 February 2018
SPEECH
Speech by Yves Mersch, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at the 4th Bargeldsymposium of the Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt am Main, 14 February 2018
English
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24 November 2017
OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES - No. 201
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Abstract
Although euro banknotes and coins have been in circulation for fifteen years, not much is known about the actual use of cash by households. This paper presents an estimation of the number and value of cash transactions in all 19 euro area countries in 2016, based on survey results. It presents an extensive description of how euro area consumers pay at points of sale (POS). The aim of this study is to shed light on consumers’ payment behaviour and in particular to improve the understanding of consumers’ payment choices at POS, based on a large sample of countries. Therefore, it provides central banks and relevant payment system stakeholders with fundamental information for the development of their policies and strategic decisions that can contribute to improving the efficiency of the cash cycle and the payment system as a whole. Previous estimates of the value of cash usage by households in the euro area date from 2008. Since then some central banks have carried out their own research on cash usage. This paper is the first study to measure the transaction demand for cash in the euro area. The results show that in 2016 around 79% of all payments at POS were made with cash, 19% with cards and 2% with other payment instruments. In terms of value, the market share of main payment instruments was 54% for cash, 39% for cards and 7% for other instruments. However, results show substantial differences between euro area countries.
JEL Code
E41 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics→Money and Interest Rates→Demand for Money
E58 : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics→Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit→Central Banks and Their Policies
D12 : Microeconomics→Household Behavior and Family Economics→Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
D14 : Microeconomics→Household Behavior and Family Economics→Household Saving; Personal Finance
Network
Eurosystem Research Network on Cash (EURECA)
Annexes